AAP Health Library

Self-Harm

Information and guidance on self-harm in children. English

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English

Activities to Help Your Child or Adolescent Manage Anxiety—Mental Health Toolkit

Actividades para ayudar a su niño o adolescente a manejar la ansiedad

A certain level of anxiety is typical in some circumstances, such as new situations (and high-stakes testing of adolescents), and naturally protects against real dangers. However, anxiety can sometimes keep young people from activities that are important to their development. It is important to help children cope with their fears instead of avoiding the things that make them fearful. English Español

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English Español

Alcohol and Your Child: What Parents Need to Know

El alcohol: Su hijo y las drogas: (Alcohol and Your Child: What Parents Need to Know)

One of the most abused drugs in our society is alcohol. It's also a drug that many people start using at very young ages. Though it's illegal for people younger than 21 years to drink, many children are introduced to alcohol well before they reach that age. The earlier they begin using alcohol, the higher the risk they will have problems with it later in life. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand the dangers of alcohol and how to prevent alcohol use. English Español

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English Español

Depression in Children and Adolescents: Treatment

Depresión en niños y adolescentes: Tratamient

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how depression is treated in children and adolescents. English Español

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English Español

Depression in Children and Adolescents: Types and Signs

Depresión en niños y adolescentes: tipos y signos

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about depression and what to do if your child seems depressed. English Español

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English Español

Guidelines for Special Time and Time In—Mental Health Toolkit

Pautas para el tiempo especial y el tiempo adentro

“Special time” or “time in” is one-on-one time shared by a child or adolescent and a parent or caregiver. It demonstrates the parent’s or caregiver’s enjoyment of spending time together and offers a break from any tensions or caregiver demands, including those resulting from a child’s or teen’s difficult behaviors. English Español

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English Español

Bedwetting

Enuresis nocturna

Bedwetting is not a serious medical condition, but it can be a challenging problem for children and parents. Read on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bedwetting and what can be done about it. English Español

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English Español

Behavioral Intervention Resources for Parents—ADHD Toolkit

Recursos de intervención conductual para padres—ADHD Toolkit

As a parent, you can learn to be more confident and consistent in your interactions with your child. This can help your child with a personal understanding of—and strategies for managing—his or her behaviors, at home and beyond. Here are some evidence-based parent training programs that have been shown to be effective. English Español

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English Español

Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use

Más allá del tiempo frente a la pantalla: Guía para padres sobre el uso de medios (Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use)

While family is the most important influence in a child’s life, media in all its forms, including TV, computers, and other screens, are not far behind. Because media can influence how children think, feel, and behave, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) encourages parents to help their children form healthy media use habits early on. Read on for information about steps you can take to encourage healthy media use habits and to learn more about media messages and TV ratings. English Español

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English Español

Bullying: It's Not OK

CONNECTED KIDS: Bullying is when one child picks on another child again and again. Usually children who are being bullied are either weaker or smaller, are shy, and generally feel helpless. Bullying most commonly takes place at school, when adults are not watching, or through email or instant messages. Whether your child is the one being bullied, doing the bullying, or simply a bystander, there are a number of measures you can take as a parent to improve their social skills and decrease their involvement in this detrimental practice. English

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Child Sexual Abuse

Abuso sexual de niños (Child Sexual Abuse)

Sexual abuse of children is more common than most people think. About 1 out of 5 girls and 1 out of 10 boys will be sexually abused during their childhood. Parents can take steps to help prevent and recognize sexual abuse in children. English Español

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English Español

Cyberbullying: What Parents Need to Know

Acoso cibernético: lo que los padres deben saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about cyberbullying and what parents can do to keep online socializing healthy for their children. English Español

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English Español

Deciding to Wait

Decidirse a esperar (Deciding to Wait)

No matter what you've heard, read, or seen, not everyone your age is having sex, including oral sex and intercourse. In fact, more than half of all teens choose to wait until they're older to have sex. If you have already had sex but are unsure if you should again, then wait before having sex again. English Español

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English Español

Discipline and Your Child

La disciplina y sus hijos (Discipline and Your Child)

As a parent, one of your jobs is to teach your child how to behave. While this can take time, try not to get frustrated when your child does not behave. Instead, learn effective ways to discipline your child. The following is guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how to discipline your child. English Español

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English Español

Divorce and Children

El divorcio y los niños (Divorce and Children)

Whether married, living together, or living apart, most parents hope to remain together when they have a child. Despite those intentions, parental separation and divorce affect nearly half of American families. For many children, separation and divorce can be as difficult as the death of a parent. Children need the guidance, patience, and love of both parents to help them through. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about parenting through separation and divorce. English Español

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English Español

Drug Abuse Prevention Starts with Parents

English

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English

Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia

Trastornos Alimentarios: Anorexia y Bulimia (Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia)

The 2 most well-known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Anorexia is self-starvation. Bulimia is a disorder in which a person eats large amounts of food (binges) and then tries to undo the effects of the binge in some way, usually by ridding the body of the food that was eaten. English Español

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English Español

Everybody Gets Mad: Helping Your Child Cope with Conflict

English

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English

Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships

Respeta y hazte respetar: una relación sana (Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships)

English Español

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English Español

Gambling and Teens: What You Need to Know

Juegos de azar: Una emoción peligrosa (Gambling: Not a Safe Thrill)

Many Americans gamble for fun. However, for young people, gambling may become a serious addiction. The chances of a young gambler getting "hooked" are far greater than those of an adult. English Español

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English Español

Help Stop Teenage Suicide

English

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English

Helping Your School-Age Child Cope With Death

By school age, children understand that death is an irreversible event. Yet even though youngsters recognize that death is something more than going to sleep for a long time, they still may have many unanswered questions that they may not verbalize: Where did grandmother go when she died? What is she feeling? Is she in pain? Why did she die? Can we ever see her again? Are you going to die too? Who will take care of me if you die? English

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Resilience: Helping Your Children Rise Above the Challenges of Life

Ayude a su hijo a hacerle frente a la vida (Helping Your Child Cope With Life)

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how you can help your children be more resilient. English Español

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English Español

HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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English Español

Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know

Dificultades de aprendizaje: lo que los padres deben saber (Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know)

Your child will learn many things in life—how to listen, speak, read, write, and do math. Some skills may be harder to learn than others. If your child is trying his best to learn certain skills but is not able to keep up with his peers, it’s important to find out why. Your child may have a learning disability (also known as LD). If your child has an LD, the sooner you know, the sooner you can get your child help. Your child can succeed in school, work, and relationships. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about LDs. English Español

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English Español

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Teens: Information for Parents

Adolescentes lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y transgénero (LGBT): Información para los padres

It is important for parents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) teens to remember that each child is unique and will have their own experiences and feelings. “Coming out” is a lifelong journey of understanding, acknowledging, and sharing one’s gender identity or sexual orientation with others. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents support their teen’s journey. English Español

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English Español

Making Healthy Decisions About Sex

Cómo tomar decisiones saludables sobre el sexo(Making Healthy Decisions About Sex)

Before you decide to have sex or if you are already having sex, you need to know how to stay healthy. Even if you think you know everything you need to know about sex, take a few minutes and read on. Your doctor wants to make sure you know the facts. English Español

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English Español

Managing Anxiety: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la ansiedad: Consejos para las familias

Anxiety is another word for feeling worried or scared. If your child is feeling anxious, they may not be able to tell you. Your child may feel bad or sick without knowing why, or you may notice they seem restless or tired. English Español

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English Español

Managing Depression or Sadness: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la depresión o la tristeza: Consejos para las familias

Children experience depression differently than adults. Your child may not be able to tell you they are feeling sad, and they may not even feel sad at all. Instead, you may notice your child seems irritable, frustrated, restless, discouraged, or tired. These are some other common signs of depression in children. English Español

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English Español

Managing Disruptive or Aggressive Behaviors: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de conductas problemáticas o agresivas: Consejos para las familias

It’s normal for children of any age to get angry or break a rule once in a while. But if your child’s behaviors are causing problems at home, at school, or with friends, they may need extra support. English Español

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English Español

Managing Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la desatención, la impulsividad y la hiperactividad: Consejos para las familias

Inattention and impulsivity are normal for young children. But by the time they’re in school, most children can pay attention for a longer time and can think and plan before they act. If your school-aged child behaves more like what you would expect from a younger child, this behavior may be a sign of a problem. English Español

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English Español

Marijuana: What Parents Need to Know

Marihuana: lo que los padres deben saber (Marijuana: What Parents Need to Know)

As a parent, you are your child’s first and best protection against drug use. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about marijuana and how to help your child say “No” to drug use. (Child refers to child or teen in this publication.) English Español

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English Español

Media History

Antecedentes de medios de comunicación (Media History)

Please check one answer for each question. If the question does not apply to your family (ie, you do not own a computer or mobile device), leave that section blank. English Español

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English Español

Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices

Clasificaciones: cómo realizar elecciones saludables sobre los medios de comunicación (Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices)

Research has shown that children are influenced by what they see and hear, especially at very young ages. To help parents make informed choices about what their children see and hear, many entertainment companies use ratings systems. Ratings give parents more information about the content of television (TV) programs, movies, music, or computer and video games. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about ratings and how you can help your children make healthy media choices. English Español

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Responding to Children's Emotional Needs During Times of Crisis: Information for Parents

Respondiendo a las necesidades emocionales de los niños en momentos de crisis: Información para los padres (Responding to Children's Emotional Needs During Times of Crisis: Information for Parents)

Pediatricians are often the first responders for children and families suffering emotional and psychological reactions to terrorism and other disasters. As such, pediatricians have a unique opportunity to help parents and other caregivers communicate with children in ways that allow them to better understand and recover from traumatic events such as terrorist attacks or other disasters. Pediatricians also can help to facilitate timely referral to mental health services, as appropriate, for these children and their families. English Español

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Welcoming a New Sibling: How to Help Your Child Adjust

La bienvenida a un nuevo hermano: cómo ayudar a su hijo a adaptarse

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents prepare older siblings (big brothers and big sisters) for a new sibling (little brother or little sister). English Español

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Single Parenting

Padres y madres solteros

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how single parents can support their children and themselves. English Español

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English Español

Your Child’s Sleep Diary

Diario de sueño de su hijo

Children differ in how much sleep they need, how long it takes them to fall asleep, and how easily they wake up. If you are concerned about your child’s sleep habits, talk with your child’s doctor. Your child’s doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary to help track your child’s sleep habits. English Español

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Sleep Problems in Children

Problemas de sueño en los niños

Sleep problems are very common during the first few years of life. Problems may include waking up during the night, not wanting to go to sleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, and bedwetting. If frantic upset persists with no apparent cause, call your child's doctor. English Español

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English Español

Staying Cool When Things Heat Up

Anger is normal. It is natural to feel this way when you or someone you care about has been treated badly. It's up to us to decide how to act when we get angry. English

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Stress-Management Plan

Plan de manejo del estrés

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to aid parents in helping their children manage stress. English Español

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English Español

Stressed? Read This.

¿tienes mucho estrés? lee esto. (Stressed? Read This.)

Even though stress makes us feel uncomfortable, it's not always a bad thing. Sometimes stress can really help us deal with tough situations. A lot of stress changes our bodies quickly and helps us react to an emergency. A little stress keeps us alert and helps us work harder. English Español

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English Español

Suicide Prevention: Safety Plan

Prevención del suicidio: Plan de seguridad

f your child is feeling depressed and having suicidal thoughts, help your child create a safety plan. English Español

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Suicide Prevention: Signs and Safety Planning

Prevención del suicidio: Señales y planificación de seguridad

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for 10- to 24-year-olds. Parents can help protect their children by being aware of risk factors and warning signs and talking with their child. English Español

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English Español

Talking With Your Teen About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo o hija adolescente

Children are exposed to sexual messages every day—on TV, on the Internet, in movies, in magazines, and in music. Sex in the media is so common that you might think that teens today already know all they need to about sex. They may even claim to know it all, so sex is something you just don't talk about. Unfortunately, only a small amount of what is seen in the media shows responsible sexual behavior or gives correct information. English Español

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English Español

Teaching Good Behavior: Tips on How to Discipline

Enseñe una buena conducta: consejos para saber disciplinar

English Español

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English Español

Teen Dating Violence: Tips for Parents

English

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English

Teen Suicide and Guns

English

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English

Temper Tantrums

Las rabietas o berrinches (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for a young child to hold strong feelings inside. Young children often cry, scream, or stomp up and down when they are upset. As a parent, you may feel angry, helpless, or ashamed. English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Berrinches o rabietas (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for young children to hold strong feelings inside. When they feel frustrated or angry, they often cry, scream, or stomp up and down. This is a temper tantrum. Temper tantrums are a normal part of your child's development. They usually begin around age 12 to 18 months, get worse between 2 and 3 years, then taper off after that, once children are able to use words to communicate their wants and needs. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand temper tantrums and how best to deal with them. English Español

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English Español

Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

Fumar y cigarrillos electrónicos: Lo que los padres deben saber sobre los riesgos del consumo de tabaco

Many people think that the only people harmed by tobacco use are smokers who have smoked for a long time. The fact is that tobacco use can be harmful to everyone. This includes unborn babies and people who don’t smoke. English Español

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Thumbs, Fingers, and Pacifiers

Pulgares, dedos y chupetes (o chupones) (Thumbs, Fingers, and Pacifiers)

The good news is that most children stop their sucking habits before they get very far in school. This is because of peer pressure. While your child might still use sucking as a way of going to sleep or calming down when upset, this is usually done in private and is not harmful. Putting too much pressure on your child to stop may cause more harm than good. Be assured your child will eventually stop the habit on her own. English Español

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English Español

Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

El tabaco: Charla directa con los adolescentes (Tobacco: Straight Talk For Teens)

Did you know that about 80% of teens in the United States don't smoke? They've made a healthy choice. English Español

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English Español

Toilet Training

Aprender a ir al baño

Teaching your child how to use the toilet takes time and patience. Each child learns to use the toilet in his or her own time. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help guide you and your child through the process. English Español

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What is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?

If your child has a developmental, learning, or behavioral problem, a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician has the training and expertise to evaluate and care for your child. Developmental-behavioral pediatricians possess training and experience to consider, in their assessments and treatments, the medical and psychosocial aspects of children's and adolescents' developmental and behavioral problems. English

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Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help

La salud mental de su hijo: Cuándo buscar ayuda y dónde obtenerla (Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help)

Have you noticed a recent change in your child's behavior? Is she having trouble getting along with friends? Is he failing school? Is this new behavior affecting your family? English Español

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English Español

Your Family's Mental Health: 10 Ways to Improve Mood Naturally

La salud mental de su familia: 10 modos de mejorar el estado de ánimo naturalmente (Your Family's Mental Health: 10 Ways to Improve Mood Naturally)

Great physical health is characterized by strength, flexibility, comfort, energy, endurance, and coordination. Similarly, great mental health includes feeling cheerful, hopeful, confident, resilient, adaptable, and connected to the people and world around us. Developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the foundation for physical and mental health. English Español

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English Español

Breastfeeding Your Baby: How Should I Store Breast Milk?

Cómo amamantar a su bebé: ¿cómo debo almacenar la leche materna?

Here are storage and preparation tips for a healthy baby at home. (The hospital may have different guidelines for you to follow if your baby needs to have expressed milk.) English Español

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Breastfeeding Your Baby: About Weaning

Cómo amamantar a su bebé: el destete

Families and cultures have different views about weaning. In the English language, weaning has several different meanings. English Español

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English Español

Wheezing - Symptom

Information and guidance about symptoms of wheezing. English

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English

Whooping Cough Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance on exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed whooping cough (pertussis) when child has no rash or other symptoms of whooping cough. English

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English

Precordial Catch Syndrome

Information and guidance about precordial catch syndrome, which causes harmless brief chest pains. English

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English

Heart Rate Fast - Stress Related

Information and guidance on recurrent bouts of fast heart rates that relate to stress in children. English

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English

ADHD Basic Facts: What Every Parent Should Know Before Starting a Child on Medication—ADHD Toolkit

Datos básicos sobre el TDAH: Lo que todo padre tiene que saber antes de que su hijo comience a tomar medicamentos—ADHD Toolkit

Studies have shown that medication is effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD alone or in combination with behavioral interventions. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

TDAH—¿Qué es el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Behavior management skills that can be included in a Care Plan include English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Are the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

TDAH—¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Children with ADHD have symptoms that fall into 3 groups: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. English Español

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ADHD—How Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosed?

TDAH—¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Your child’s or teen’s doctor will determine whether your child or teen has ADHD by using standard guidelines developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics specifically for children, teens, and young adults 4 to 18 years of age. It is difficult to diagnose ADHD in children younger than 4 years. English Español

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ADHD—What Causes Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and How Is It Treated?

TDAH—¿Qué causa el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y cómo se trata?

ADHD is one of the most studied conditions of childhood, and it may be caused by a number of things. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the outlook for most children who receive treatment of ADHD is encouraging. There is no specific cure for ADHD, but many treatment options are available to manage the condition. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What is Behavioral Therapy?

TDAH—¿Qué es la terapia conductual?

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about behavioral therapy for a child with ADHD. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Types of Medication Reduce Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms?

TDAH—¿Qué tipo de medicamentos disminuyen los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Helping children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may mean they need medication. Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about medications for children with ADHD. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Are Common Questions About Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms?

TDAH—¿Cuáles son las preguntas habituales sobre los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Common questions and answers from the American Academy of Pediatrics about attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). English Español

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Fluoride Varnish Can Help Prevent Tooth Decay

El barniz de fluoruro ayuda a prevenir las caries dentales (Fluoride Varnish Can Help Prevent Tooth Decay)

Healthy gums and teeth are important to your child’s overall health. This is why your child’s doctor will talk with you about good dental habits even before your child’s first tooth appears. English Español

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Abnormal Immunity: An Overview

No one knows for sure how many children have suppressed immune systems. It is becoming more common as more children receive transplants and survive serious problems with their immune systems like HIV. Some children have temporary alterations in their immune system from medications and the immune system returns to normal when the medication is stopped. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergic Skin Conditions

Estimates are that up to 20% of infants and young children may be affected by eczema at some point. There is no good data about how frequently hives and contact dermatitis occur. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergies: An Overview

Allergies are very common. In a national study of children with special health care needs, 53% had allergies of some type. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It happens when the body intensely responds to an allergen. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, affecting between 5% and 10%. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Behavior management skills that can be included in a Care Plan include English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities caused by a problem with the brain. Children with ASDs have trouble in 3 core areas of their development. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Bleeding Disorders: An Overview

Bleeding disorders vary in types and severity, so it is best to get details about the specific child’s needs from parents/ guardians and the child’s specialty doctors. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cancer

Children may come to school or a child care center while they are receiving active treatment of cancer, or they may be diagnosed as having cancer while enrolled. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy or Celiac Sprue)

The treatment team includes a pediatric gastroenterologist and registered dietitians or nutritionists. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition caused by brain injury that interferes with messages from the brain to the body; this interference affects movements and muscle coordination. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for the child’s age and height. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Develop strategies for accommodating children with cleft lip or cleft palate. Suggestions include English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

There are currently about 30,000 children and young adults with CF in the United States. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Developmental Delay

Children have developmental delay when they do not attain the skills that typically developing children acquire at a certain age. Child development is a process that involves learning and mastering skills such as sitting, rolling over, walking, understanding, and talking. Typically developing children learn specific skills, called developmental milestones, during predictable time periods. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Diabetes

Physical activity is important to the health of children with type 2 diabetes, so outdoor play is part of their therapy. Children with type 1 diabetes should be able to play normally. Staff should take a portable pack with insulin, syringes, high-calorie supplements, and glucagon in case of emergency whenever the child is in a different location or on a field trip. A glucometer to check blood sugar should also be available. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a relatively common birth defect caused by extra genetic material from chromosome 21 (ie, there are 3 copies of chromosome 21 rather than 2). This syndrome affects the physical and intellectual development of the child. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Eczema(Atopic Dermatitis)

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a long-lasting skin condition that causes the skin to be overly sensitive to many things. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a collection of inherited conditions that cause the tissues that connect parts of the body (connective tissue) to be loose. This can cause loose joints, stretchy skin, and delayed healing of the skin. This collection of conditions was reclassified in 2017, so it is important to have information that is specific to the child. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the general term used to describe the range of adverse fetal effects associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Food Allergies

Allergy is the term used to describe the body’s overreaction to something that it views as foreign or different from itself. The body reacts by releasing histamine and other substances that cause allergic symptoms. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome is an inherited form of intellectual disability that is primarily seen in males. It is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. Fragile X syndrome is caused by the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Babies with GERD can choke; a bulb syringe should be available to help clear the airway if necessary. If the baby is coughing, nothing should be done because the cough is the most effective way to clear the airway. If the baby stops breathing or making any sound, CPR techniques for infants should be used. These maneuvers are covered in pediatric first aid with CPR courses such as the American Academy of Pediatrics course, Pediatric First Aid for Caregivers and Teachers. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Gastrostomy Tubes

Gastrostomy tubes are placed in children for many reasons, including prematurity, feeding problems, and brain disorders, and they have become more prevalent as lifesaving medical treatments for children have improved. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hearing Loss and Deafness/Hard of Hearing

The Care Plan for children with hearing loss may include English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Heart Conditions, Nonstructural

Approximately 4,000 children are diagnosed with Kawasaki disease every year and most are younger than 5 years. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Heart Conditions: An Overview

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Heart Defects, Structural

Thirty-five thousand babies are born every year in the United States with these problems, according to the American Heart Association. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hepatitis

Hepatitis means liver inflammation. Most of the time, hepatitis is caused by a viral infection of the liver. The most common types are hepatitis A, B, and C. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hip Problems

What are hip problems in children and how common are they? English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—HIV Infection

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hydrocephalus and Shunts

Hydrocephalus is the abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid, called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), within the brain. Hydrocephalus can be caused by a structural defect in the brain or spine that blocks CSF and causes it to accumulate. Sometimes a brain injury, especially one that causes bleeding, can interfere with the flow of CSF and cause it to build up and increase pressure. Sometimes, the brain can shrink because of brain damage and the CSF fills in the extra space. That condition does not cause pressure on the brain and does not require special treatment. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Immune Thrombocytopenia

The treatment team may consist of the primary care provider and a hematologist. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Arthritis is swelling and pain of the joints. When this problem is chronic, the most common form is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Kidney and Other Urinary Tract Problems

Nephrotic syndrome can occur at any age but is most common between the ages of 18 months and 8 years. Boys are affected more often than girls. A child may come to the child care or school with the diagnosis or may develop it while enrolled. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is an inherited condition. It affects the tissues that connect parts of the body. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Mitochondrial Disorders

Mitochondrial disorders are a diverse group of diseases caused by damage to small structures found in human cells that are essential in converting food to energy. The result is decreased energy production and associated symptoms. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle wasting and weakness. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is progressive and occurs only in boys. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that some infants experience after birth and that generally follows exposure to an opioid. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Neurofibromatosis (NF) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)

There are many types of neurocutaneous syndromes (syndromes that include skin findings). The most common is neurofibromatosis (NF). There are 7 types of NF. Although they are all different, they all have skin and neurologic findings. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common type, and, while it is inherited, half of the cases are new mutations. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition that affects the brain and causes newborns and young infants to be weak and slow to gain weight but shifts to causing excessive hunger and weight gain in toddlers. It affects boys and girls equally. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Preterm Newborns (Preemies): An Overview

One in 10 babies (9.6%) was born prematurely in the United States in 2016. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Seizures, Febrile

Febrile seizures are described as generalized (whole brain and body involved), tonic-clonic (shaking) movements of a child’s body in response to a high fever. These seizures represent abnormal brain electrical activity triggered by fever. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Seizures, Nonfebrile (Epilepsy)

Seizures represent the most common neurologic disorder in children. About 1% of all children have a type of non-febrile seizure disorder, or epilepsy. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Short-Stature Conditions

More than 100 specific conditions have been identified that can cause short stature. Achondroplasia occurs in people of all races and with equal frequency in males and females, and it affects about 1 in every 26,000 children. An estimated 10,000 individuals in the United States have achondroplasia. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Sickle Cell Disease

Children with sickle cell disease should have at least 8 cups of water or fluid per day. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Special Diets and Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Some of the more common inborn errors of metabolism include English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Spina Bifida

Spina bifida means cleft spine, which is an incomplete closure in the spinal column. The 4 types of spina bifida are English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Spleen Problems

Because the spleen can be affected differently by different diseases, it is difficult to say how many children have spleen problems. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Tracheostomy

The Care Plan should address English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (Includes Concussion)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a direct blow to the head with different amounts of force that cause mild, moderate, or severe brain injury. Mild TBI can be called a concussion. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Turner Syndrome

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition that only affects girls and women. It occurs when 1 of the 2 X chromosomes normally found in females is missing or incomplete. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Vesicostomy

A vesicostomy is a surgical opening in the bladder to the outside of the body (lower belly) that allows urine to come out, preventing urinary tract infection and damage to the kidneys. Urine drains constantly from this opening. The child will need to wear a diaper, training pants (Pull-Ups), or an incontinence pad. A vesicostomy is sometimes a temporary treatment. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Visual Impairments

English

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Español

Students With Chronic Health Conditions: Guidance for Families, Schools, and Students

Estudiantes con problemas crónicos de salud: una guía para familias, escuelas y estudiantes (Students With Chronic Health Conditions: Guidance for Families, Schools, and Students)

School is more than a place to gain knowledge and skills. It also is a place where children meet new friends and learn about themselves and other important life lessons. Because children spend many hours in school, it is important that it be a safe and supportive environment for all children. English Español

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Your Preemie’s Growth: Developmental Milestones

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about developmental milestones for your preterm baby (also known as preemie). English Español

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COVID: How to Prepare for Your Child’s COVID Vaccination

Cómo preparar a su hijo para recibir la vacuna y los refuerzos contra el COVID-19

A checklist for parents to help prepare for your child's COVID-19 vaccination. English Español

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Protecting Your Child With the COVID-19 Vaccine

Information about how to protect your child with the COVID-19 vaccine. English

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Children’s Dental Health: What You Need to Know

Salud odontológica de los niños: Lo que debe saber

The road to a bright smile begins long before the first tooth appears. Parents play a big part in helping their children develop healthy teeth. Early monitoring by your child's doctor and dentist is important. English Español

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Acne—How to Treat and Control It

Acné: Cómo tratarlo y controlarlo (Acne–How to Treat and Control It)

Almost all teens get zits at one time or another. It's called acne. Whether your case is mild or severe, there are things you can do to keep it under control. Read on to find out how. English Español

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Acute Ear Infections and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y las infecciones de oído agudas (Acute Ear Infections and Your Child)

Next to the common cold, an ear infection is the most common childhood illness. In fact, most children have at least one ear infection by the time they are 3 years old. Many ear infections clear up without causing any lasting problems. English Español

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Allergies in Children

Alergias en los niños (Allergies in Children)

Allergy describes a condition involving the immune system that causes sneezing and itching, chronic rashes, wheezing, or even life-threatening allergic reactions. Whether minor or serious, there are things you can do to prevent or control most allergic problems. The more you know about allergies—the symptoms, causes, and treatments—the more prepared you will be to help your child. Read on to find out more. English Español

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Anaphylaxis

Anafilaxis (Anaphylaxis)

For anyone experiencing anaphylaxis, epinephrine should be given right away followed by a call to 911 for further treatment and transfer to a hospital. The main medicine to treat anaphylaxis is epinephrine. This is a medicine given by an injection. The best place to inject it is in the muscles of the outer part of the thigh. If the symptoms do not improve very quickly, the injection should be given again in 5 to 30 minutes. English Español

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Anemia in Children and Teens

La anemia en niños y adolescentes

Anemia can make your child appear pale in color and feel cranky, tired, or weak. Though these symptoms may worry you, the most common causes of anemia—such as iron deficiency—are generally easy to treat, especially when anemia is detected early. English Español

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Ankle Sprain Treatment (Care of the Young Athlete)

Acute ankle and foot injuries are common in athletes and other active young people. Sprains account for the greatest number of acute injuries. English

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Antibiotics Aren't Always Needed

La salud de su hijo y los antibióticos

Parents need to know that using antibiotics when they are not the right medicine will not help and may even cause harm to children. English Español

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Asthma

Asma (Asthma)

Asthma (AZZ-muh) is a disease of the breathing tubes that carry air to the lungs. The linings of the tubes swell, and they fill up with mucus (MYOO-kus). This is called inflammation (in-fluh-MAY-shun). It makes the tubes get narrow. This makes it hard to breathe. English Español

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Asthma and Exercise (Care of the Young Athlete)

Almost every child (and adult) with asthma can benefit from sports and physical activity. Also, asthma should not prevent young athletes from enjoying a full athletic career. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about asthma and exercise. English

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Asthma and Your Child

El asma y su hijo

This handout informs parents about asthma, including information about asthma symptoms, triggers, treatments, medicines, and how to communicate with your child's school. English Español

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Asthma Triggers

Provocadores de asma (Asthma Triggers)

Things that cause asthma (AZZ-muh) attacks or make asthma worse are called triggers. Asthma triggers can be found in your home, your child's school, child care, and other people's homes. English Español

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Bedwetting

Enuresis nocturna

Bedwetting is not a serious medical condition, but it can be a challenging problem for children and parents. Read on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bedwetting and what can be done about it. English Español

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Bedwetting

Orinar o mojar la cama (Bedwetting)

Most children learn to use the toilet between 2 and 4 years of age. Even after children are toilet-trained, they may wet the bed until they are older. It's even common for 6-year-olds to wet the bed once in a while. Some children still wet the bed at age 12. English Español

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Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child

La bronquiolitis y su hijo pequeño (Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child)

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness among infants. One of its symptoms is trouble breathing, which can be scary for parents and young children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bronchiolitis, causes, signs and symptoms, how to treat it, and how to prevent it. English Español

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Common Childhood Infections

Infecciones comunes en la niñez (Common Childhood Infections)

Most infections are caused by germs called viruses and bacteria. While you may be able to keep germs from spreading, you can't always keep your child from getting sick. It is important for parents to know how to keep their children healthy and what to do when they get sick. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about common childhood infections—signs and symptoms, treatments, and when to call your child's doctor. English Español

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Constipation and Your Child

El estreñimiento y su hijo (Constipation and Your Child)

Bowel patterns vary from child to child just as they do in adults. What's normal for your child may be different from what's normal for another child. Most children have bowel movements 1 or 2 times a day. Other children may go 2 to 3 days or longer before passing a normal stool. English Español

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Croup

Crup: Croup

Croup is an infection that makes the inside of your child's throat swell up. This makes it hard for your child to breathe. It can be scary for both parents and children. English Español

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Croup and Your Young Child

El crup y su hijo pequeño (Croup and Your Young Child)

Croup is a common illness in young children. It can be scary for parents as well as children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about croup, including types, causes, symptoms, and treatments. English Español

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Croup: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care

El crup: En qué casos su hijo necesita cuidado hospitalario (Croup: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care)

Croup is a common illness that affects the airways, making it hard for a child to breathe. It's most common in toddlers but can affect children between 6 months and 12 years of age. Another symptom is a loud barking cough that is worse at night. Trouble breathing and the barking cough can be scary for parent and child. Most children with viral croup also have low fever. English Español

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Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby

El llanto y su bebé: Cómo calmar a un bebé fastidioso o con cólicos (Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby)

Babies cry for different reasons. Crying is one way babies try to tell us what they need. They may be hungry, have a soiled diaper, or just want a little attention. (See checklist at the bottom.) If a crying baby cannot be comforted, the cause may be colic. Read on about colic and ways to calm a crying baby. English Español

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Diaper Rash and Your baby

El eritema del pañal y su bebé

Most babies get diaper rash, but it is usually not serious. Read on to find out more about what causes diaper rash and how to treat it. English Español

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Diarrhea and Your Child

La diarrea y su hijo (Diarrhea and Your Child)

Diarrhea can be acute (lasts a short time) or chronic (lasting more than 2 weeks). Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about acute diarrhea, as well as how to manage the symptoms, and how to help reduce your child’s chances of getting diarrhea. English Español

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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) and Your Child

El eccema (dermatitis atópica) y su hijo (Eczema [Atopic Dermatitis] and Your Child)

Eczema is a chronic skin problem that causes dry, red, itchy skin. It is also called atopic dermatitis or AD. Anyone can get eczema, but it is most common in babies to young adults. English Español

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Febrile Seizures

Convulsiones febriles (Febrile Seizures)

In some children, fevers can trigger seizures. Febrile seizures occur in 2% to 5% of all children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Seizures, sometimes called “fits” or “spells,” are frightening, but they usually are harmless. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand febrile seizures and what happens if your child has one. English Español

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Fever and Your Child

La fiebre y su hijo: (Fever and Your Child)

A fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting an illness or infection. Fevers are generally harmless. In fact, they can be considered a good sign that your child's immune system is working and the body is trying to heal itself. While it is important to look for the cause of a fever, the main purpose for treating it is to help your child feel better if he is uncomfortable or has pain. English Español

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Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe

Diversión al sol: proteja a su familia (Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe)

Warm, sunny days are wonderful. It's great to exercise outside, and the sun feels good on your skin. But what feels good can harm you and your family. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to keep your family safe from the sun’s harmful rays. English Español

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Gastroenteritis: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care

La gastroenteritis: En qué casos su hijo necesita cuidado hospitalario (Gastroenteritis: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care)

Gastroenteritis is a common childhood illness that causes diarrhea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration. It is usually caused by a virus but can also be caused by bacteria or a parasite. Most of the time mild diarrhea and vomiting last for just a few days. However, if symptoms don't go away or they get worse, your child may need to be treated in the hospital. English Español

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Giving Medicine to Children: Important Safety Information

Una guía para los medicamentos de su hijo (A Guide to Your Child’s Medicines)

Giving medicine in the right way can help your child feel better and get well. However, medicine information and labels can be confusing. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about prescription and over-the-counter medicines, how to give medicine in the right way, and how to prevent medicine mistakes. English Español

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b

La haemophilus influenzae tipo B: Recomendaciones para los padres ( Haemophilus influenzae type b)

(Please see the related Vaccine Information Statement, Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know) English Español

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Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know

Inyección contra la hepatitis B: Lo que los padres necesitan saber (Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know)

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lifelong HBV infection can lead to liver cancer or scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). More than 1 million people in the United States are living with lifelong HBV infection. Anyone can get infected with HBV, including your child. English Español

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (Hepatitis C)

Anyone can get infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver infection that can lead to serious liver problems and possibly death. Although most children and adolescents recover from the initial phase of HCV infection, 70% to 80% of acute infections become chronic. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about HCV symptoms, how HCV is spread, and ways to reduce the risk of an HCV infection. English Español

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How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby

Cómo prevenir las caries dentales en su bebé (How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby)

Baby teeth are important. If baby teeth are lost too early, the teeth that are left may move and not leave any room for adult teeth to come in. Also, if tooth decay is not prevented, it can be costly to treat, cause pain, and lead to life-threatening infections. English Español

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How to Take Your Child's Temperature

Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su niño (How to Take Your Child's Temperature)

Your temperature (TEM-pruh-chur) is how warm or cold your body is. Normal temperature for a child is 98°F to 99°F or 37°C. Anything over 100.4°F or 38°C is a fever. English Español

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Imaging Tests: A Look Inside Your Child's Body

Pruebas de imagenología: Un vistazo dentro del cuerpo de su hijo

Imaging tests are used to “look” inside the body. They can help diagnose injuries and illnesses from broken bones to cancer. Some tests can find problems before symptoms appear. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about imaging tests. English Español

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Immunizations: What You Need To Know

Vacunas: Lo que debe saber (Immunizations: What You Need to Know)

Immunizations have helped children stay healthy for more than 50 years. They are safe and they work. In fact, serious side effects are no more common than those from other types of medication. Vaccinations have reduced the number of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90%! Yet many parents still question their safety because of misinformation they've received. That's why it's important to turn to a reliable and trusted source, including your child's doctor, for information. The following are answers to common questions parents have about immunizations. English Español

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Headaches: What Teens Need to Know

Dolores de cabeza: Lo que los adolescentes deben saber (Headaches: What Teens Need to Know)

A lot of teens do. In fact, 50% to 75% of all teens report having at least one headache per month! English Español

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Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child

Su hijo y los corticoesteroides inhalables e intranasales (Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child)

If your child has asthma or allergic rhinitis (hay fever), your pediatrician may prescribe a corticosteroid, also commonly referred to as a steroid. These medicines are the best available to decrease the swelling and irritation (inflammation) that occurs with persistent asthma or allergy. They are not the same as the anabolic steroids that are used illegally by some athletes to build muscles. English Español

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HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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Lactose Intolerance and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y la intolerancia a la lactosa (Lactose Intolerance and Your Child)

After drinking milk or eating ice cream, does your child have stomach cramps or get diarrhea? If so, your child may have lactose intolerance. English Español

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Lyme Disease

Enfermedad de Lyme (Lyme Disease)

Lyme disease is an important public health problem in some areas of the United States. Since its discovery in Lyme, CT, in 1975, thousands of cases of the disease have been reported across the United States and around the world. By knowing more about the disease and how to prevent it, you can help keep your family safe from the effects of Lyme disease. English Español

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergic Skin Conditions

Estimates are that up to 20% of infants and young children may be affected by eczema at some point. There is no good data about how frequently hives and contact dermatitis occur. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergies: An Overview

Allergies are very common. In a national study of children with special health care needs, 53% had allergies of some type. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It happens when the body intensely responds to an allergen. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, affecting between 5% and 10%. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Babies with GERD can choke; a bulb syringe should be available to help clear the airway if necessary. If the baby is coughing, nothing should be done because the cough is the most effective way to clear the airway. If the baby stops breathing or making any sound, CPR techniques for infants should be used. These maneuvers are covered in pediatric first aid with CPR courses such as the American Academy of Pediatrics course, Pediatric First Aid for Caregivers and Teachers. English

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Diarrhea—Child Care and Schools

An illness in which someone develops more watery and frequent stools than is typical for that person. Diarrhea can be caused by changes in diet, such as drinking excessive amount of fruit juice, eating more than the usual amounts of certain foods, and the use of some medications. Diarrhea also can be the result of a problem with the intestines, such as inability to absorb nutrients or allergy to foods. Infections with some viruses, bacteria, and parasites can cause diarrhea. English

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Ear Infection—Child Care and Schools

There are 2 common types of ear infections: otitis media (middle ear infection) and otitis externa (swimmer’s ear). Most ear infections of young children occur in the middle ear. English

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Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students

Enfermedad meningocócica: información para adolescentes y estudiantes universitarios (Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students)

Certain teens and young adults have a higher risk of getting meningococcal disease. College students, especially freshmen who live in dorms and military recruits, are at an increased risk compared with others in this age group. It's important to know how to protect yourself because meningococcal disease can be deadly. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about this serious illness, safe and effective vaccines, and how to stay healthy. English Español

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Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y el líquido en el oído medio (Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child)

The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that is usually filled with air. When a child has middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion), it means that a watery or mucus-like fluid has collected in the middle ear. Otitis media means middle ear inflammation, and effusion means fluid. English Español

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Minor Head Injuries in Children

Lesiones leves en la cabeza durante la niñez (Minor Head Injuries in Children)

Almost all children bump their heads every now and then. While these injuries can be upsetting, most head injuries are minor and do not cause serious problems. In very rare cases, problems can occur after a minor bump on the head. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand the difference between a head injury that needs only a comforting hug and one that requires immediate medical attention. English Español

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VIS—MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)

Vacuna contra MMR (sarampión, paperas y rubeola) (MMR VIS)

Measles, mumps, and rubella are serious diseases. Before vaccines they were very common, especially among children. English Español

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VIS—MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna contra MMRV (sarampión, paperas, rubeola y varicela)

Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are viral diseases that can have serious consequences. Before vaccines, these diseases were very common in the United States, especially among children. They are still common in many parts of the world. English Español

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Nursemaid's Elbow

Codo de niñera (Nursemaid's Elbow)

A pulled elbow (also known as nursemaid’s elbow) is a common, painful injury generally among children under four years old but occasionally older. It occurs when the outer part of the elbow becomes dislocated or slips out of its joint. English Español

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Head Lice: What You Need to Know

La pediculosis: lo que debe saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents and caregivers check for, treat, and prevent the spread of head lice. English Español

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Pneumococcal Infections

Infeccion por neumococo (Pneumococcal Infections)

Meningitis (brain), Bacteremia (bloodstream), Pneumonia (lungs), Sinusitis (sinus membranes), and Otitis media (ears). These infections can be dangerous to very young children, the elderly, and people with certain high-risk health conditions. English Español

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Protect Your Child From Poison

Proteja a su hijo de las intoxicaciones

Children can get very sick if they come in contact with medicines, household products, pesticides, chemicals, or cosmetics. This can happen at any age and can cause serious reactions. However, most children who come in contact with these things are not permanently hurt if they are treated right away. English Español

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): What Parents Need to Know

Virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS): lo que los padres deben saber

Almost all children get a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection at least once before they are 2 years of age. Most children have mild symptoms. But babies and some children can get very sick from RSV. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about RSV, including how to protect babies and young children from RSV infection. English Español

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Influenza (Flu): What You Need to Know

Influenza (gripe): Lo que debe saber

All flu viruses cause a respiratory illness that can last a week or more. Flu symptoms include English Español

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Sinusitis and Your Child

La sinusitis y su hijo (Sinusitis and Your Child)

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses. It is a very common infection in children. English Español

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Sleep Apnea and Your Child

La apnea del sueño y su hijo (Sleep Apnea and Your Child)

Does your child snore a lot? Does he sleep restlessly? Does he have difficulty breathing, or does he gasp or choke, while he sleeps? If your child has these symptoms, he may have a condition known as sleep apnea. English Español

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Your Child’s Sleep Diary

Diario de sueño de su hijo

Children differ in how much sleep they need, how long it takes them to fall asleep, and how easily they wake up. If you are concerned about your child’s sleep habits, talk with your child’s doctor. Your child’s doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary to help track your child’s sleep habits. English Español

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Sleep Problems in Children

Problemas de sueño en los niños

Sleep problems are very common during the first few years of life. Problems may include waking up during the night, not wanting to go to sleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, and bedwetting. If frantic upset persists with no apparent cause, call your child's doctor. English Español

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Tonsils and Adenoid

Amígdalas y adenoides

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about the tonsils and adenoid, tonsillitis, signs of an enlarged adenoid and tonsils, when surgery is recommended, and what if surgery is recommended. English Español

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Treating Your Child's Pain: Medical Procedures

Cómo aliviar el dolor que experimenta su hijo(a): Procedimientos médicos (Treating Your Child's Pain: Medical Procedures)

During certain medical procedures, your child may experience pain. These procedures can include having blood drawn, having breathing or feeding tubes put in, or lumbar punctures (spinal taps). Luckily, pain from these activities does not last long. Read on to find out how your child's pain from medical procedures can be managed. English Español

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Type 2 Diabetes: Tips for Healthy Living

Diabetes tipo 2: consejos para una vida saludable (Type 2 Diabetes: Tips for Healthy Living)

Children with type 2 diabetes can live a healthy life. If your child has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, your child's doctor will talk with you about the importance of lifestyle and medication in keeping your child's blood glucose (blood sugar) levels under control. English Español

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Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children

Infecciones de las vías urinarias en niños pequeños (Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in young children. These infections can lead to serious health problems. UTIs may go untreated because the symptoms may not be obvious to the child or the parents. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about UTIs—what they are, how children get them, and how they are treated. English Español

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VIS—Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine

Vacuna contra la varicela (viruela loca) (Chickenpox VIS)

Chickenpox (also called varicella) is a common childhood disease. It is usually mild, but it can be serious, especially in young infants and adults. English Español

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Clean Intermittent Catheterization for Girls

Cateterismo intermitente limpio para niñas

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand the basics of clean intermittent catherization (CIC). English Español

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Clean Intermittent Catheterization for Boys

Cateterismo intermitente limpio para varones

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand the basics of clean intermittent catherization (CIC). English Español

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Eye - Harmless Chemical and Eye Irrigation

Information and guidance on what to do when harmless chemicals are in the eye. English

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Dark Circles Under the Eyes - Normal

Information and guidance on normal instance of dark circles under the eyes. English

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Corneal Abrasion

Information and guidance about viral infections. English

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Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use

Más allá del tiempo frente a la pantalla: Guía para padres sobre el uso de medios (Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use)

While family is the most important influence in a child’s life, media in all its forms, including TV, computers, and other screens, are not far behind. Because media can influence how children think, feel, and behave, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) encourages parents to help their children form healthy media use habits early on. Read on for information about steps you can take to encourage healthy media use habits and to learn more about media messages and TV ratings. English Español

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Building Strong Bones: Why Calcium Counts

El calcio y tú

As you grow, you need calcium to build strong bones and a healthy body. Getting plenty of calcium while you are young also makes your bones strong and keeps them strong for your entire lifetime. English Español

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Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?

Cómo elegir cuidado infantil de calidad: ¿Qué es lo mejor para su familia?: (Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?)

Finding high-quality child care is very important but not always easy. Your choice will play a key role in your child's health and development. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about child care options to help you in your search for what's best for your family. English Español

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Connecting With your Community

English

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For Today's Teens: A Message From Your Pediatrician

Controles de adolescentes: Un mensaje de tu pediatra

Now that you are getting older, you have different health needs than you did when you were younger. However, your pediatrician is still there to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Friends Are Important: Tips for Parents

English

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Growing Independence: Tips for Parents of Young Children

English

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Health Care for College Students

Asistencia médica para estudiantes universitarios (Health Care For College Students)

College is filled with many opportunities to learn and experience life. You'll be responsible for making your own choices, including choices about your health. Following is important information to help you stay healthy and safe on your new journey. English Español

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Healthy Communication With Your Child

Una sana comunicación con su hijo(a) (Healthy Communication With Your Child)

Healthy communication with your child is one of the most important and rewarding skills that you can develop as a parent. It also makes the tough parts of parenting (such as disciplining your child) much easier and more effective. Good communication is a two-way street, meaning that listening to your child is just as important as talking to him. English Español

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How Do Infants Learn?

¿Cómo Aprenden Los Bebés? (How do Infants Learn?)

English Español

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Internet and Your Family, The

Internet y su familia (The Internet and Your Family)

The Internet can connect you and your family to all types of resources. At your computer, you and your family can read the latest news, look up information, listen to music, play games, buy things, or e-mail friends. The possibilities for learning and exploring on the Internet are endless. However, not all information and resources are safe and reliable. Read more about how to make sure you and your family's experience on the Internet is safe, educational, and fun. English Español

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Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?

¿Se comunica su niño pequeño con usted? (Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?)

Your baby is able to communicate with you long before he or she speaks a single word! A baby's cry, smile, and responses to you help you to understand his or her needs. In this publication the American Academy of Pediatrics shares information about how children communicate and what to do when there are concerns about delays in development. English Español

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Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know

Dificultades de aprendizaje: lo que los padres deben saber (Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know)

Your child will learn many things in life—how to listen, speak, read, write, and do math. Some skills may be harder to learn than others. If your child is trying his best to learn certain skills but is not able to keep up with his peers, it’s important to find out why. Your child may have a learning disability (also known as LD). If your child has an LD, the sooner you know, the sooner you can get your child help. Your child can succeed in school, work, and relationships. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about LDs. English Español

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Media History

Antecedentes de medios de comunicación (Media History)

Please check one answer for each question. If the question does not apply to your family (ie, you do not own a computer or mobile device), leave that section blank. English Español

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Next Stop Adulthood: Tips for Parents

Parents need to give up much of the control over many of their young adult's decisions. But parents still worry about their child's safety, health, and success. This is where you need to trust the job you have done as a parent. English

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Parenting Your Infant

La crianza de su bebito (Parenting Your Infant)

English Español

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Playing Is How Toddlers Learn

El juego infantil es la via para aprender

English Español

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Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children

Bien desde el comienzo: el ABC de una buena nutrición durante la niñez (Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children)

As a parent, you are interested in your child's health. Your role is to provide healthy food in appropriate portions, and your child's role is to decide how much to eat. That is why it is important to understand how to provide healthy choices for your child. English Español

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Welcoming a New Sibling: How to Help Your Child Adjust

La bienvenida a un nuevo hermano: cómo ayudar a su hijo a adaptarse

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents prepare older siblings (big brothers and big sisters) for a new sibling (little brother or little sister). English Español

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Single Parenting

Padres y madres solteros

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how single parents can support their children and themselves. English Español

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Start Reading to Your Child Early

Léale temprano a su niño (Start Reading to Your Child Early)

A baby can enjoy books by 6 months of age! Here are things you can do with your child at different ages to help your child learn to love words and books. English Español

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Teaching Good Behavior: Tips on How to Discipline

Enseñe una buena conducta: consejos para saber disciplinar

English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Las rabietas o berrinches (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for a young child to hold strong feelings inside. Young children often cry, scream, or stomp up and down when they are upset. As a parent, you may feel angry, helpless, or ashamed. English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Berrinches o rabietas (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for young children to hold strong feelings inside. When they feel frustrated or angry, they often cry, scream, or stomp up and down. This is a temper tantrum. Temper tantrums are a normal part of your child's development. They usually begin around age 12 to 18 months, get worse between 2 and 3 years, then taper off after that, once children are able to use words to communicate their wants and needs. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand temper tantrums and how best to deal with them. English Español

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Toilet Training

Aprender a ir al baño

Teaching your child how to use the toilet takes time and patience. Each child learns to use the toilet in his or her own time. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help guide you and your child through the process. English Español

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What is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?

If your child has a developmental, learning, or behavioral problem, a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician has the training and expertise to evaluate and care for your child. Developmental-behavioral pediatricians possess training and experience to consider, in their assessments and treatments, the medical and psychosocial aspects of children's and adolescents' developmental and behavioral problems. English

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Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play

Los niños pequeños aprenden mucho jugando (Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play)

When young children play with children close to their own age, they learn: how to cooperate, when to lead and when to follow, and how to solve problems. Read more about the importance of play for children. English Español

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Your Baby's First Steps

Los primeros pasos de su bebé

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help prepare you for your baby’s first steps. English Español

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When a Baby’s Head Is Misshapen: Positional Skull Deformities

Cuando la cabeza de un bebé se deforma: deformidad craneal postural

Many parents wonder if the shape of their newborn's head is normal. Maybe it seems a bit flat in the back or uneven on one side. Most of these slight imperfections happen when infants spend too much time in one position such as in a crib, a car safety seat, or an infant carrier. The good news is that most of the time the shape of the head returns to normal on its own by simply changing your baby's position regularly. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to answer questions from parents about their newborn's head shape. English Español

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Your Child is on the Move: Reduce the Risk of Gun Injury

English

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Your Child's Eyes

Los ojos de su hijo (Your Child's Eyes)

Eye exams by your child’s doctor are an important way to identify problems with your child’s vision. Problems that are found early have a better chance of being treated successfully. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about your child’s vision, including signs of vision problems and information on various eye conditions. English Español

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Your Child's Growth: Developmental Milestones

El crecimiento de su hijo: Logros en el desarrollo (Your Child's Growth: Developmental Milestones)

Watching a young child grow is a wonderful and unique experience for a parent. Learning to sit up, walk, and talk are some of the major developmental milestones your child will achieve. English Español

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Monkeypox (Mpox): What You Need to Know

Viruela del mono o viruela símica: qué debe saber

In the rare event that an adult in your household develops monkeypox, share this information with your pediatrician and discuss what you can do to protect your child from infection. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about monkeypox. English Español

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COVID-19: What Families Need to Know

Nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19, discovered in December 2019, quickly became a global pandemic. Doctors and researchers continue to learn more about it every day. Safe and effective vaccines are now available, offering hope for an end to the pandemic. Until everyone is vaccinated, however, the virus continues to spread. English Español

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) - Diagnosed or Suspected

Information and guidance on when COVID-19 is diagnosed or suspected. English

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance for exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. English

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COVID-19 Prevention

Information and guidance on preventing COVID-19 infection. English

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COVID-19 or Influenza - How to Tell

Information and guidance on similarities and differences of COVID-19 and influenza infections. English

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COVID-19 Vaccines - Answers to Common Questions

Answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccination. English

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Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child

La bronquiolitis y su hijo pequeño (Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child)

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness among infants. One of its symptoms is trouble breathing, which can be scary for parents and young children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bronchiolitis, causes, signs and symptoms, how to treat it, and how to prevent it. English Español

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Common Childhood Infections

Infecciones comunes en la niñez (Common Childhood Infections)

Most infections are caused by germs called viruses and bacteria. While you may be able to keep germs from spreading, you can't always keep your child from getting sick. It is important for parents to know how to keep their children healthy and what to do when they get sick. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about common childhood infections—signs and symptoms, treatments, and when to call your child's doctor. English Español

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HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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Bedbugs—Child Care and Schools

Small insects that feed on human blood by biting through the skin. They are most active between 2:00 and 5:00 am. They can travel 10 to 15 feet to feed and go without feeding for up to 6 months. They cause itchy bites. Bedbugs are not known to transmit or spread disease. English

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Bites (Human and Animal)—Child Care and Schools

Biting is very common among young children but usually does not lead to serious infectious disease issues. If the skin is broken, bacteria introduced into the wound can cause a tissue infection that needs to be treated by a health professional. If blood is drawn into the mouth of the biter or if the biter breaks the skin and has bleeding gums or mouth sores, blood-borne disease could be a concern. Hepatitis B virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus are examples of blood-borne disease-causing germs. The risk of transmission of these viruses, however, is very low in child care and school settings. For HIV, no known transmission in a child care setting or school has occurred. English

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Boil/Abscess/Cellulitis—Child Care and Schools

These are bacterial infections of the skin that usually begin from a scratch or bug bite and progress to a red nodule that fills with pus. Boils are superficial infections with a thin layer of skin over fluid; abscesses are generally larger and deeper with redness and painful swelling over an area filled with pus. Cellulitis is an infection within the skin and the area just beneath it; the skin is red and tender. The area of cellulitis can spread quickly. English

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Campylobacter—Child Care and Schools

A type of bacteria that can cause infection of the intestines English

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Chickenpox (Varicella-Zoster Infections)—Child Care and Schools

An illness with rash and fever caused by the varicella-zoster virus English

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Clostridioides difficile (Formerly Known as Clostridium difficile; Also Called “C diff”)—Child Care and Schools

A spore- and toxin-forming bacteria that causes diarrhea English

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Cryptosporidiosis—Child Care and Schools

An intestinal infection caused by a parasite (Cryptosporidium hominis or C parvum) English

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

A viral infection common in children (Up to 70% of normal children aged 1 to 3 years in group care settings excrete cytomegalovirus [CMV].) English

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Dental Caries (Early Childhood Caries, Tooth Decay, or Cavities)—Child Care and Schools

Early childhood caries (commonly called cavities) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Caries are the result of an infectious disease process that damages tooth structure and makes holes in the teeth. The consequences of early childhood caries are much more than unattractive teeth. Early childhood caries can cause severe pain, speech difficulty, and poor nutrition and can spread to cause serious infections. Treatment for caries can require expensive dental services, and younger children often require general anesthesia and treatment in the operating room. English

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Diaper Rash—Child Care and Schools

A shiny red rash, pinker than usual skin, or red bumps in the diaper area that may be caused by a yeast called Candida. There are other causes of diaper rash that produce a similar skin appearance but are not caused by an infection. English

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Diarrhea—Child Care and Schools

An illness in which someone develops more watery and frequent stools than is typical for that person. Diarrhea can be caused by changes in diet, such as drinking excessive amount of fruit juice, eating more than the usual amounts of certain foods, and the use of some medications. Diarrhea also can be the result of a problem with the intestines, such as inability to absorb nutrients or allergy to foods. Infections with some viruses, bacteria, and parasites can cause diarrhea. English

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Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

Although many types of Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria live normally in the intestinal tract, at least 5 types are known to cause diarrhea. Shiga toxin–producing E coli has caused numerous outbreaks in group care settings. Infections with Shiga toxin–producing E coli may be associated with other severe problems, such as bleeding from irritation of the bowel, kidney damage, and blood cell damage, also known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Other diarrhea-producing types are enteropathogenic E coli, enteroinvasive E coli, enteroaggregative E coli, and in children and families who travel, enterotoxigenic E coli. English

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Ear Infection—Child Care and Schools

There are 2 common types of ear infections: otitis media (middle ear infection) and otitis externa (swimmer’s ear). Most ear infections of young children occur in the middle ear. English

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Fever—Child Care and Schools

Fever is an elevation of the normal body temperature. Fever is most commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection, but it can be a sign of illnesses not caused by infections, such as exercising in a very warm environment, rheumatoid arthritis, a reaction to a vaccine or medication, or cancer. English

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Fifth Disease (Human Parvovirus B19)—Child Care and Schools

Common viral infection with rash occurring 1 to 3 weeks after infection English

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Giardiasis—Child Care and Schools

An intestinal infection caused by a parasite (Giardia intestinalis) English

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib)—Child Care and Schools

Depends on the site of infection. May include English

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Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease—Child Care and Schools

A common set of symptoms associated with viral infections that are most frequently seen in the summer and fall. Despite its scary name, this illness generally is mild. Most commonly caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71. English

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Hepatitis A Infection—Child Care and Schools

Fecal-oral route: Contact with feces of children who are infected. This generally involves an infected child contaminating his own fingers, then touching an object that another child touches. The child who touched the contaminated surface then puts her fingers into her own mouth or another person’s mouth. English

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Hepatitis B Infection—Child Care and Schools

Yes, if a child with known hepatitis B exhibits any of the following: English

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Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)—Child Care and Schools

In early childhood, herpes simplex virus most commonly causes blister-like sores in the mouth and around the lips and on skin that is in contact with the mouth, such as a sucked thumb or finger. English

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HIV/AIDS—Child Care and Schools

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the body in a wide variety of ways. In the most severe infection, the virus progressively destroys the body’s immune system, causing a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). With early testing and appropriate treatment, children in the United States rarely develop the severe symptoms of HIV infection. English

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Impetigo—Child Care and Schools

Impetigo is a common skin infection caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria. English

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Influenza—Child Care and Schools

A contagious disease caused by a group of respiratory viruses called influenza viruses English

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Lice (Pediculosis Capitis)—Child Care and Schools

Yes, at the end of the program or school day. English

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Lyme Disease (and Other Tick-borne Diseases)—Child Care and Schools

An infection caused by a type of bacteria, known as spirochetes, that is transmitted when particular types of ticks attach to a person’s skin and feed on that person’s blood. These ticks are very small, only a few millimeters (about the size of a freckle); the ticks that transit Lyme disease are found mainly in the Northeast and Midwest and on the West Coast. English

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Measles—Child Care and Schools

Yes. English

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Meningitis—Child Care and Schools

An infectious disease causing swelling or inflammation of the tissue covering the spinal cord and brain. English

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Molluscum Contagiosum—Child Care and Schools

A skin disease caused by a virus, somewhat similar to warts English

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Mononucleosis—Child Care and Schools

A disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; the illness is commonly known as mono. English

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Mosquito-borne Diseases—Child Care and Schools

Through the bite of an infected mosquito. West Nile disease may also be spread by blood transfusion and organ donation. English

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Mouth Sores—Child Care and Schools

Herpes simplex virus, canker sores, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and thrush English

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Mumps—Child Care and Schools

A viral illness with swelling of one or more of the salivary glands English

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Norovirus—Child Care and Schools

A virus that causes diarrhea and vomiting. A leading cause of diarrhea in the United States. English

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Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis)—Child Care and Schools

Inflammation (ie, redness, swelling) of the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids English

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Pinworms—Child Care and Schools

Small, white, threadlike worms (0.25″–0.5″ long) that live in the large intestine English

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Pneumonia—Child Care and Schools

An inflammation of the lungs primarily caused by a viral or, less commonly, bacterial infection. Infection of the lungs often is secondary to an infection that starts in the nose and throat area (ie, the upper portion of the respiratory tract) and then spreads to the lungs (ie, the lower portion of the respiratory tract). The infection can start in the lungs from an infection brought there by the blood (especially pneumonia caused by bacterial infection). English

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)—Child Care and Schools

A virus that causes the common cold and other respiratory signs or symptoms English

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Ringworm—Child Care and Schools

A fungal infection that may affect the body, feet, or scalp English

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Roseola (Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7)—Child Care and Schools

A viral infection causing fever or rash in infants and children that primarily occurs between 6 and 24 months of age English

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Rotavirus—Child Care and Schools

Fecal-oral route: Contact with feces of children who are infected. This generally involves an infected child contaminating his own fingers, then touching an object that another child touches. The child who touched the contaminated surface then puts her fingers into her own mouth or another person’s mouth. English

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Rubella (German measles)—Child Care and Schools

A mild viral infection usually lasting 3 days that is now rare in the United States because of routine immunization. English

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Salmonella—Child Care and Schools

Salmonella is an intestinal infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. English

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Scabies—Child Care and Schools

An infestation of the skin by small insects called mites English

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Shigella—Child Care and Schools

An intestinal infection caused by the Shigella bacteria English

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Shingles (Herpes Zoster)—Child Care and Schools

An infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster (chickenpox) virus within the body of someone who previously had chickenpox or (rarely) someone who had received the chickenpox vaccine in the past English

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Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin-Resistant [MRSA] and Methicillin-Sensitive [MSSA])—Child Care and Schools

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacteria that primarily causes skin infections, although these bacteria can cause pneumonia, bone, joint, and blood infections less commonly. English

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Strep Throat (Streptococcal Pharyngitis) and Scarlet Fever—Child Care and Schools

A disease caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria English

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Sty—Child Care and Schools

A mild infection in the eyelid at the base of the eyelashes or near the edge of the eyelid English

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English

Thrush (Candidiasis)—Child Care and Schools

A yeast infection predominately produced by Candida albicans organisms causing mouth infections in young infants English

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Tuberculosis (TB)—Child Care and Schools

A disease caused by an infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually involves the lungs but could affect other parts of the body English

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Upper Respiratory Infection (Common Cold)—Child Care and Schools

The term upper respiratory infection usually refers to a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (ie, nose, throat, ears, and eyes). Upper respiratory infections are common among infants in child care (10–12 per year) but become less common as children mature. Older children and adults have an average of 4 upper respiratory infections per year. English

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Urinary Tract Infection—Child Care and Schools

An infection of one or more parts of the urinary system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, the tubes that join the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), the bladder, and the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside (the urethra). English

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Vomiting—Child Care and Schools

If the vomiting is associated with an infection, the incubation and contagious periods depend on the type of germ causing the infection. English

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Warts (Human Papillomavirus)—Child Care and Schools

Warts are skin infections caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). English

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English

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)—Child Care and Schools

A contagious and fairly common bacterial infection that causes a range of illnesses, from mild cough to severe disease English

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English

Pinkeye and Your Child

La conjuntivitis y su hijo (Pinkeye and Your Child)

Pinkeye (acute contagious conjunctivitis) occurs when the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids is red or swollen (inflamed). English Español

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English Español

Pneumonia and Your Child

La neumonía y su hijo (Pneumonia and Your Child)

After an exam, the doctor may order a blood test or an x-ray. These tests can help your doctor decide how to treat your child's infection. If your child needs medicine, be sure you know the right amount, when to give the medicine, and if you should give food with it. If you forget or don't understand the instructions on the medicine label, call the doctor or your pharmacist for help. English Español

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English Español

Your Child Has a Sore Throat: What's the Cause?

Su hijo tiene dolor de garganta: ¿qué causa el dolor? (Your Child Has a Sore Throat: What's the Cause?)

A sore throat is one of the most common concerns among parents of school-aged children. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about sore throats and their causes. Also included is information about strep throat tests, tonsillitis, how to prevent the spread of germs, and when to call the doctor. English Español

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Newborn Skin Care

Information and guidance on newborn skin care. English

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English

Jaundice - Symptom

Information and guidance on jaundice. English

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English

Newborn Equipment and Supplies

Information and guidance on essential baby items. English

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English

Newborn - Taking Care of Mom

Information and guidance for new mothers. English

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English

Cow's Milk Allergy - Infants

Information and guidance on cow's milk allergy in infants. English

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English

Newborn - Taking Care of Baby

Information and guidance on taking care of your new baby. English

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English

1 to 2 Years: Safety for Your Child

De 1 a 2 Años

Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the United States? Most of these injuries can be prevented. English Español

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2 to 4 Years: Safety for Your Child

DE 2 A 4 AÑOS

TIPP SHEETS: Injuries are the leading cause of death in children younger than 4 years in the United States, and most of these injuries can be prevented. Firearms in the home, poisons, falls, burns, drowning, and poor safety practices while driving with your child in a car all pose serious threats. These issues should be approached with increased caution. English Español

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6 to 12 Months: Safety for Your Child

DE 6 A 12 MESES

Did you know that hundreds of children younger than 1 year die every year in the United States because of injuries — most of which can be prevented? English Español

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English Español

A Parent's Guide to Water Safety

Guía para padres sobre la seguridad en el agua: (A Parent's Guide to Water Safety)

Drowning is one of the top causes of injury and death in children. Children can drown in pools, rivers, ponds, lakes, or oceans. They can even drown in a few inches of water in bathtubs, toilets, and large buckets. English

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Acute Ear Infections and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y las infecciones de oído agudas (Acute Ear Infections and Your Child)

Next to the common cold, an ear infection is the most common childhood illness. In fact, most children have at least one ear infection by the time they are 3 years old. Many ear infections clear up without causing any lasting problems. English Español

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English Español

Adoption: How to Talk With Your Child About Being Adopted

Adopción: Cómo decirle a su hijo que es adoptado

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to talk with your child about being adopted. English Español

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English Español

Airbags: Important Safety Information

Airbags: Información importante de seguridad

Airbags can protect teen and adult lives when used with seat belts. However, airbags are dangerous for babies and young children. Here is important safety information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about airbags and car safety seats. English Español

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Allergies in Children

Alergias en los niños (Allergies in Children)

Allergy describes a condition involving the immune system that causes sneezing and itching, chronic rashes, wheezing, or even life-threatening allergic reactions. Whether minor or serious, there are things you can do to prevent or control most allergic problems. The more you know about allergies—the symptoms, causes, and treatments—the more prepared you will be to help your child. Read on to find out more. English Español

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Anemia in Children and Teens

La anemia en niños y adolescentes

Anemia can make your child appear pale in color and feel cranky, tired, or weak. Though these symptoms may worry you, the most common causes of anemia—such as iron deficiency—are generally easy to treat, especially when anemia is detected early. English Español

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Antibiotics Aren't Always Needed

La salud de su hijo y los antibióticos

Parents need to know that using antibiotics when they are not the right medicine will not help and may even cause harm to children. English Español

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Toilet Training—Autism Toolkit

Aprender a ir al baño

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have slowed development, may be stuck on their own routines, or may be nervous about learning a new skill. They may not understand how to copy the steps using the toilet, or they may not understand the words parents are using. Many children with ASD may toilet train at a later age than typically developing children. English Español

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English Español

Asthma and Your Child

El asma y su hijo

This handout informs parents about asthma, including information about asthma symptoms, triggers, treatments, medicines, and how to communicate with your child's school. English Español

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English Español

Baby Walkers: Important Safety Information

Andadores: Información importante de seguridad

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about why baby walkers are not safe and what you can do. English Español

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English Español

Babysitting Reminders

Parents should: Meet the siiter and check references and training in advance. | Be certain the sitter has had first aid training and knows CPR. | Be sure the sitter is at least 13 years old and mature enough to handle common emergencies. English

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Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play

Boca arriba para dormir, boca abajo para jugar (Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play)

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics for parents and caregivers about doing tummy time with babies and creating a safe sleep environment for them. English Español

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Bedwetting

Enuresis nocturna

Bedwetting is not a serious medical condition, but it can be a challenging problem for children and parents. Read on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bedwetting and what can be done about it. English Español

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Bedwetting

Orinar o mojar la cama (Bedwetting)

Most children learn to use the toilet between 2 and 4 years of age. Even after children are toilet-trained, they may wet the bed until they are older. It's even common for 6-year-olds to wet the bed once in a while. Some children still wet the bed at age 12. English Español

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Birth to 6 Months: Safety for Your Child

Del Nacimiento A Los 6 Meses

Did you know that hundreds of children younger than 1 year die every year in the United States because of injuries — most of which could be prevented? English Español

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Preterm Babies: At the Hospital

Bebés prematuros: en el hospital

Preterm (premature) birth occurs in about 10% of pregnancies in the United States. For twins, triplets, and other multiple deliveries, that number jumps to almost 60%. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics for parents of preterm babies—what to expect after birth at the hospital. English Español

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Preterm Babies: Health Concerns

Bebés prematuros: preocupaciones de seguridad

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about some of the most common conditions that occur in preterm infants. English Español

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Breastfeeding Your Baby: Caring For Your Breasts

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how to care for your breasts during pregnancy and breastfeeding. English Español

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Breastfeeding Record for Baby’s First Week

PDF only English

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Breastfeeding Your Baby: Getting Started

Cómo amamantar a su bebé: primeros pasos

Getting ready for the birth of your baby is an exciting and busy time. One of the most important decisions you will make is how to feed your baby. English Español

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Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: What Parents and Caregivers Need to Know

Evento breve inexplicable resuelto: lo que los padres y cuidadores deben saber (Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: What Parents and Caregivers Need to Know)

A brief resolved unexplained event (or BRUE for short) occurs suddenly and can be scary for parents and caregivers. A brief resolved unexplained event is a diagnosis made after your baby’s doctor or health care professional has examined your baby and determined that there was no known concerning cause for the event. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 1 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica de 1 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 12 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 12 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 15 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 15 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 18 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 18 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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English Español

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: First Week Visit (3 to 5 Days)

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita de la primera semana (entre 3 y 5 días)

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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English Español

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2½ Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2½ año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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English Español

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 4 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 4 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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English Español

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 6 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 6 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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English Español

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 9 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 9 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Car Safety Seat Checkup

Revisión de asientos de seguridad para el automóvil (Car Safety Seat Checkup)

Using a car safety seat correctly makes a big difference. Even the right seat for your child's size may not properly protect your child in a crash unless it is used correctly. So take a minute to check to be sure. English Español

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Car Safety Seats Product Information

Información del producto de los asientos de seguridad para el automóvil

English Español

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English Español

Car Safety Seats Guide

Guía de asientos de seguridad para el automóvil

Here is more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about choosing the most appropriate car safety seat for your child. English Español

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Care of the Uncircumcised Penis

Cuidado del pene no circuncidado (Care of the Uncircumcised Penis)

At birth, boys have skin that covers the end of the penis, called the foreskin. One choice you will make for your new baby boy is whether to have him circumcised. Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin, exposing the tip of the penis. English Español

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Childproofing Your Home

Prepare su casa a prueba de niños (Childproofing Your Home)

Children are naturally curious and love to explore. Young children especially like to explore by putting things in their mouths. Before or as soon as children begin crawling or walking, parents and caregivers need to take extra steps to make sure harmful items are out of reach, out of sight, and locked up if possible. English Español

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English Español

Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children

Prevención de asfixia y primeros auxilios para bebés y niños (Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children)

When children begin crawling, or eating table foods, parents must be aware of the dangers and risks of choking. Children younger than 5 years can easily choke on food and small objects. English Español

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Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?

Cómo elegir cuidado infantil de calidad: ¿Qué es lo mejor para su familia?: (Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?)

Finding high-quality child care is very important but not always easy. Your choice will play a key role in your child's health and development. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about child care options to help you in your search for what's best for your family. English Español

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Circumcision: What You Need to Know

Circuncisión: Información para los padres

Parents have different opinions about newborn circumcision based on medical, religious, cultural, and ethnic traditions, and personal reasons. Some parents choose circumcision. Some parents do not choose circumcision. Parents who are undecided should talk with their child's doctor before their child is born. They can learn about the benefits and risks of circumcision to help them choose what is best for their son. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about circumcision. English Español

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Common Childhood Infections

Infecciones comunes en la niñez (Common Childhood Infections)

Most infections are caused by germs called viruses and bacteria. While you may be able to keep germs from spreading, you can't always keep your child from getting sick. It is important for parents to know how to keep their children healthy and what to do when they get sick. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about common childhood infections—signs and symptoms, treatments, and when to call your child's doctor. English Español

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Croup

Crup: Croup

Croup is an infection that makes the inside of your child's throat swell up. This makes it hard for your child to breathe. It can be scary for both parents and children. English Español

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Croup and Your Young Child

El crup y su hijo pequeño (Croup and Your Young Child)

Croup is a common illness in young children. It can be scary for parents as well as children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about croup, including types, causes, symptoms, and treatments. English Español

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English Español

Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby

El llanto y su bebé: Cómo calmar a un bebé fastidioso o con cólicos (Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby)

Babies cry for different reasons. Crying is one way babies try to tell us what they need. They may be hungry, have a soiled diaper, or just want a little attention. (See checklist at the bottom.) If a crying baby cannot be comforted, the cause may be colic. Read on about colic and ways to calm a crying baby. English Español

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Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

Los peligros del humo de segunda mano (Dangers of Secondhand Smoke)

Even if you don’t smoke, breathing in someone else’s smoke can be deadly too. Secondhand smoke causes about 3,000 deaths from lung cancer and tens of thousands of deaths from heart disease to nonsmoking adults in the United States each year. English Español

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Diaper Rash and Your baby

El eritema del pañal y su bebé

Most babies get diaper rash, but it is usually not serious. Read on to find out more about what causes diaper rash and how to treat it. English Español

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English Español

Diarrhea and Your Child

La diarrea y su hijo (Diarrhea and Your Child)

Diarrhea can be acute (lasts a short time) or chronic (lasting more than 2 weeks). Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about acute diarrhea, as well as how to manage the symptoms, and how to help reduce your child’s chances of getting diarrhea. English Español

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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) and Your Child

El eccema (dermatitis atópica) y su hijo (Eczema [Atopic Dermatitis] and Your Child)

Eczema is a chronic skin problem that causes dry, red, itchy skin. It is also called atopic dermatitis or AD. Anyone can get eczema, but it is most common in babies to young adults. English Español

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Febrile Seizures

Convulsiones febriles (Febrile Seizures)

In some children, fevers can trigger seizures. Febrile seizures occur in 2% to 5% of all children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Seizures, sometimes called “fits” or “spells,” are frightening, but they usually are harmless. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand febrile seizures and what happens if your child has one. English Español

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Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles

Alimentar a los niños correctamente no siempre es fácil: Consejos para prevenir problemas de comida (Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles)

Young children need nutrients from a variety of foods to stay healthy. But what if your child only eats macaroni and cheese or will not eat any vegetables? English Español

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English Español

Fever and Your Child

La fiebre y su hijo: (Fever and Your Child)

A fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting an illness or infection. Fevers are generally harmless. In fact, they can be considered a good sign that your child's immune system is working and the body is trying to heal itself. While it is important to look for the cause of a fever, the main purpose for treating it is to help your child feel better if he is uncomfortable or has pain. English Español

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Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe

Diversión al sol: proteja a su familia (Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe)

Warm, sunny days are wonderful. It's great to exercise outside, and the sun feels good on your skin. But what feels good can harm you and your family. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to keep your family safe from the sun’s harmful rays. English Español

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English Español

Giving Medicine to Children: Important Safety Information

Una guía para los medicamentos de su hijo (A Guide to Your Child’s Medicines)

Giving medicine in the right way can help your child feel better and get well. However, medicine information and labels can be confusing. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about prescription and over-the-counter medicines, how to give medicine in the right way, and how to prevent medicine mistakes. English Español

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English Español

Growing Independence: Tips for Parents of Young Children

English

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English

Haemophilus influenzae Type b

La haemophilus influenzae tipo B: Recomendaciones para los padres ( Haemophilus influenzae type b)

(Please see the related Vaccine Information Statement, Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know) English Español

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Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know

Inyección contra la hepatitis B: Lo que los padres necesitan saber (Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know)

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lifelong HBV infection can lead to liver cancer or scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). More than 1 million people in the United States are living with lifelong HBV infection. Anyone can get infected with HBV, including your child. English Español

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English Español

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (Hepatitis C)

Anyone can get infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver infection that can lead to serious liver problems and possibly death. Although most children and adolescents recover from the initial phase of HCV infection, 70% to 80% of acute infections become chronic. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about HCV symptoms, how HCV is spread, and ways to reduce the risk of an HCV infection. English Español

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Hip Dysplasia (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip)

Displasia de cadera: (Displasia en el desarrollo de la cadera) (Hip Dysplasia [Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip])

Hip dysplasia is not always detectable at birth or during well-child visits. However, it is important for hip dysplasia, once found, to be evaluated by an expert and treated if needed. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about hip dysplasia, including risk factors and treatment. English Español

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English Español

Home Safety Checklist

Lista de control para la seguridad en el hogar (Home Safety Checklist)

Is your house a safe place for your child to live and play? The following safety checklist can help you prevent serious injuries or even death. Though it addresses common safety concerns, it's important to remember that every house is different and no checklist is complete. Because there may be other safety concerns in your house, a more thorough safety check is recommended at least every 6 months. English Español

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Home Water Hazards for Young Children

Each year many young children drown in swimming pools, other bodies of water, and standing water around the home. Children must be watched by an adult at all times when in or near water. Children may drown in an inch or 2 of water. English

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English

How Do Infants Learn?

¿Cómo Aprenden Los Bebés? (How do Infants Learn?)

English Español

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English Español

How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby

Cómo prevenir las caries dentales en su bebé (How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby)

Baby teeth are important. If baby teeth are lost too early, the teeth that are left may move and not leave any room for adult teeth to come in. Also, if tooth decay is not prevented, it can be costly to treat, cause pain, and lead to life-threatening infections. English Español

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How to Take Your Child's Temperature

Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su niño (How to Take Your Child's Temperature)

Your temperature (TEM-pruh-chur) is how warm or cold your body is. Normal temperature for a child is 98°F to 99°F or 37°C. Anything over 100.4°F or 38°C is a fever. English Español

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Imaging Tests: A Look Inside Your Child's Body

Pruebas de imagenología: Un vistazo dentro del cuerpo de su hijo

Imaging tests are used to “look” inside the body. They can help diagnose injuries and illnesses from broken bones to cancer. Some tests can find problems before symptoms appear. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about imaging tests. English Español

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Immunizations: What You Need To Know

Vacunas: Lo que debe saber (Immunizations: What You Need to Know)

Immunizations have helped children stay healthy for more than 50 years. They are safe and they work. In fact, serious side effects are no more common than those from other types of medication. Vaccinations have reduced the number of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90%! Yet many parents still question their safety because of misinformation they've received. That's why it's important to turn to a reliable and trusted source, including your child's doctor, for information. The following are answers to common questions parents have about immunizations. English Español

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English Español

Infant Furniture: Cribs

English

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English

Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child

Su hijo y los corticoesteroides inhalables e intranasales (Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child)

If your child has asthma or allergic rhinitis (hay fever), your pediatrician may prescribe a corticosteroid, also commonly referred to as a steroid. These medicines are the best available to decrease the swelling and irritation (inflammation) that occurs with persistent asthma or allergy. They are not the same as the anabolic steroids that are used illegally by some athletes to build muscles. English Español

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Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?

¿Se comunica su niño pequeño con usted? (Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?)

Your baby is able to communicate with you long before he or she speaks a single word! A baby's cry, smile, and responses to you help you to understand his or her needs. In this publication the American Academy of Pediatrics shares information about how children communicate and what to do when there are concerns about delays in development. English Español

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Jaundice and Your Newborn

La ictericia y su recién nacido

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about jaundice, bilirubin levels, treatment of jaundice, when to follow up after discharge, and when to call the doctor. English Español

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English Español

Keep Your Family Safe: Fire Safety and Burn Prevention at Home

Proteja a su familia: Prevención de incendios y quemaduras en el hogar

Fires and burns cause almost 4,000 deaths and about 20,000 hospitalizations every year. Winter is an especially dangerous time, as space heaters, fireplaces, and candles get more use in the home. It is no surprise that fires in the home are more common between December and February. However, you might be surprised at how easy it is to reduce the risk of fire in your home. Follow these suggestions to help keep your home and family safe from fire all year round. English Español

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Lead Is a Poison: What You Need to Know

El plomo es una sustancia tóxica: Lo que debe saber

Lead in the body can affect child development and behavior. Lead is a metal that is found in a lot of places. Although you can’t usually see lead, you can do things to prevent your child from being exposed to it. No safe level of lead has been identified for children. Children have the most risk factors because they often put their hands and objects into their mouths and their growing bodies tend to easily absorb what they eat. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand how lead can be harmful, where it may be found, and what they can do to keep their children safe. English Español

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Lyme Disease

Enfermedad de Lyme (Lyme Disease)

Lyme disease is an important public health problem in some areas of the United States. Since its discovery in Lyme, CT, in 1975, thousands of cases of the disease have been reported across the United States and around the world. By knowing more about the disease and how to prevent it, you can help keep your family safe from the effects of Lyme disease. English Español

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Preterm Newborns (Preemies): An Overview

One in 10 babies (9.6%) was born prematurely in the United States in 2016. English

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English

Diaper Rash—Child Care and Schools

A shiny red rash, pinker than usual skin, or red bumps in the diaper area that may be caused by a yeast called Candida. There are other causes of diaper rash that produce a similar skin appearance but are not caused by an infection. English

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English

Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y el líquido en el oído medio (Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child)

The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that is usually filled with air. When a child has middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion), it means that a watery or mucus-like fluid has collected in the middle ear. Otitis media means middle ear inflammation, and effusion means fluid. English Español

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Minor Head Injuries in Children

Lesiones leves en la cabeza durante la niñez (Minor Head Injuries in Children)

Almost all children bump their heads every now and then. While these injuries can be upsetting, most head injuries are minor and do not cause serious problems. In very rare cases, problems can occur after a minor bump on the head. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand the difference between a head injury that needs only a comforting hug and one that requires immediate medical attention. English Español

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Newborn Hearing Screening and Your Baby

Prueba de detección auditiva para recién nacidos y su bebé (Newborn Hearing Screening and Your Baby)

Before you bring your newborn home from the hospital, your baby needs to have a hearing screening. English Español

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Parenting Your Infant

La crianza de su bebito (Parenting Your Infant)

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Insect Repellents: What Parents Need to Know

Repelentes de insectos: Lo que los padres deben saber (Insect Repellents: What Parents Need to Know)

Mosquitoes, biting flies, and tick bites can make children miserable. While most children have only mild reactions to insect bites, some children can become very sick. Some insects carry dangerous germs such as West Nile virus, Lyme disease bacteria, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever bacteria. English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Toy Safety

Juguetes seguros: Una guía para los padres (A Parent's Guide to Toy Safety)

Children can have a lot of fun playing with their toys. However, it's important to keep in mind that safety should always come first. Each year thousands of children are injured by toys. English Español

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Playing Is How Toddlers Learn

El juego infantil es la via para aprender

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Pneumococcal Infections

Infeccion por neumococo (Pneumococcal Infections)

Meningitis (brain), Bacteremia (bloodstream), Pneumonia (lungs), Sinusitis (sinus membranes), and Otitis media (ears). These infections can be dangerous to very young children, the elderly, and people with certain high-risk health conditions. English Español

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Protect Your Child From Poison

Proteja a su hijo de las intoxicaciones

Children can get very sick if they come in contact with medicines, household products, pesticides, chemicals, or cosmetics. This can happen at any age and can cause serious reactions. However, most children who come in contact with these things are not permanently hurt if they are treated right away. English Español

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Protect Your Child…Prevent Poisoning

Young children may put anything in their mouths. This is part of learning. Many household products can be poisonous if swallowed, if in contact with the skin or eyes, or if inhaled. English

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Protect Yourself and Help Protect Your Baby: Information for New Moms on the Tdap Vaccine

Protéjase y ayude a proteger a su bebé: Información para nuevas mamás sobre la vacuna Tdap (Protect Yourself and Help Protect Your Baby: Information for New Moms on the Tdap Vaccine)

Congratulations on your new baby! Your baby is the greatest gift you will ever receive. One of your biggest jobs as a parent is to keep your child safe and healthy. One way do this is to make sure your children get all the immunizations they need to protect them from different diseases. But did you know that there is an immunization that you as a parent should get to keep your children safe? English Español

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How to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome and Other Forms of Abusive Head Trauma

Cómo prevenir el síndrome del bebé sacudido y otras formas de traumatismo de cráneo por abuso (How to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome and Other Forms of Abusive Head Trauma)

One of the skills parents and caregivers need to learn is how to deal with stress. This is especially important when there seems to be no end to a baby's crying. Too often, when a parent or caregiver loses control the results can be harmful or deadly. English Español

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Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices

Clasificaciones: cómo realizar elecciones saludables sobre los medios de comunicación (Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices)

Research has shown that children are influenced by what they see and hear, especially at very young ages. To help parents make informed choices about what their children see and hear, many entertainment companies use ratings systems. Ratings give parents more information about the content of television (TV) programs, movies, music, or computer and video games. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about ratings and how you can help your children make healthy media choices. English Español

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Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children

Bien desde el comienzo: el ABC de una buena nutrición durante la niñez (Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children)

As a parent, you are interested in your child's health. Your role is to provide healthy food in appropriate portions, and your child's role is to decide how much to eat. That is why it is important to understand how to provide healthy choices for your child. English Español

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Safe Sleep and Your Baby: How Parents Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Suffocation

Sueño seguro y su bebé: Cómo pueden los padres reducir el riesgo de SIDS y asfixia (Safe Sleep and Your Baby: How Parents Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Suffocation)

Many infants die during sleep from unsafe sleep environments. Some of these deaths are from entrapment, suffocation, and strangulation. Some infants die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, there are ways for parents to keep their sleeping baby safe. English Español

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Safety of Blood Transfusions

Seguridad de las transfusiones de sangre (Safety of Blood Transfusions)

Because of illness or injury, some children need to receive transfusions of blood and blood products. This procedure may be frightening for parents and their children. Many parents are also concerned about the safety of transfusions. While blood supply in the United States is considered very safe, parents should know a few things about blood transfusions and the safety of blood products for children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about blood and blood transfusions. English Español

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Influenza (Flu): What You Need to Know

Influenza (gripe): Lo que debe saber

All flu viruses cause a respiratory illness that can last a week or more. Flu symptoms include English Español

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Sinusitis and Your Child

La sinusitis y su hijo (Sinusitis and Your Child)

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses. It is a very common infection in children. English Español

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Your Child’s Sleep Diary

Diario de sueño de su hijo

Children differ in how much sleep they need, how long it takes them to fall asleep, and how easily they wake up. If you are concerned about your child’s sleep habits, talk with your child’s doctor. Your child’s doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary to help track your child’s sleep habits. English Español

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Sleep Problems in Children

Problemas de sueño en los niños

Sleep problems are very common during the first few years of life. Problems may include waking up during the night, not wanting to go to sleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, and bedwetting. If frantic upset persists with no apparent cause, call your child's doctor. English Español

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Sleeping Well: Tips for Parents of Babies and Young Children

Cómo dormir bien: Consejos para padres de bebés y niños pequeños

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help ensure a good night’s sleep for children—and parents too! English Español

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Start Reading to Your Child Early

Léale temprano a su niño (Start Reading to Your Child Early)

A baby can enjoy books by 6 months of age! Here are things you can do with your child at different ages to help your child learn to love words and books. English Español

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Starting Solid Foods

Comienzo de la alimentación sólida

Rice, oatmeal, or barley? What infant cereal or other food will be on the menu for your baby's first solid meal? And have you set a date? English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Las rabietas o berrinches (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for a young child to hold strong feelings inside. Young children often cry, scream, or stomp up and down when they are upset. As a parent, you may feel angry, helpless, or ashamed. English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Berrinches o rabietas (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for young children to hold strong feelings inside. When they feel frustrated or angry, they often cry, scream, or stomp up and down. This is a temper tantrum. Temper tantrums are a normal part of your child's development. They usually begin around age 12 to 18 months, get worse between 2 and 3 years, then taper off after that, once children are able to use words to communicate their wants and needs. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand temper tantrums and how best to deal with them. English Español

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Toilet Training

Aprender a ir al baño

Teaching your child how to use the toilet takes time and patience. Each child learns to use the toilet in his or her own time. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help guide you and your child through the process. English Español

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Welcome to the World of Parenting!

English

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Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play

Los niños pequeños aprenden mucho jugando (Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play)

When young children play with children close to their own age, they learn: how to cooperate, when to lead and when to follow, and how to solve problems. Read more about the importance of play for children. English Español

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VIS—Your Child’s First Vaccines

VIS—Las primeras vacunas de su hijo

The vaccines covered on this statement are those most likely to be given during the same visits during infancy and early childhood. English Español

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Your Baby's First Steps

Los primeros pasos de su bebé

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help prepare you for your baby’s first steps. English Español

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When a Baby’s Head Is Misshapen: Positional Skull Deformities

Cuando la cabeza de un bebé se deforma: deformidad craneal postural

Many parents wonder if the shape of their newborn's head is normal. Maybe it seems a bit flat in the back or uneven on one side. Most of these slight imperfections happen when infants spend too much time in one position such as in a crib, a car safety seat, or an infant carrier. The good news is that most of the time the shape of the head returns to normal on its own by simply changing your baby's position regularly. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to answer questions from parents about their newborn's head shape. English Español

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Your Child and the Environment

Su hijo y el medio ambiente (Your Child and the Environment)

Environmental dangers are everywhere. Most of these dangers are more harmful to children than adults. However, there are things you can do to reduce your child's contact with them. Read more to learn about how to protect your family from environmental dangers. English Español

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Your Child is on the Move: Reduce the Risk of Gun Injury

English

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Your Preemie’s Growth: Developmental Milestones

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about developmental milestones for your preterm baby (also known as preemie). English Español

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Colds - Frequent but Normal

Information and guidance on the common cold. English

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Nasal Rinse - If Child Can Blow Nose

Information and guidance on how to perform nasal rinse. English

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Nasal Suction - If Child Can't Blow Nose

Information and guidance on how to perform nasal suction. English

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Newborn Nasal Congestion - Normal

Information and guidance on nasal congestion in newborns. English

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Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles

Alimentar a los niños correctamente no siempre es fácil: Consejos para prevenir problemas de comida (Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles)

Young children need nutrients from a variety of foods to stay healthy. But what if your child only eats macaroni and cheese or will not eat any vegetables? English Español

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Get Fit, Stay Healthy

Ponte en forma, mantén tu salud (Get Fit, Stay Healthy)

Any type of regular physical activity can improve your fitness and your health—even walking, taking the stairs, or mowing the lawn. The most important thing is that you keep moving! English Español

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Growing Up Healthy: Fat, Cholesterol and More

Crecimiento saludable: grasas, colesterol y más (Growing Up Healthy: Fat, Cholesterol, and More)

Many Americans consume too many calories and too much fat, especially saturated fat, trans fat, and sugar. These eating patterns are one cause of America's high rates of obesity and heart disease. English Español

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Lactose Intolerance and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y la intolerancia a la lactosa (Lactose Intolerance and Your Child)

After drinking milk or eating ice cream, does your child have stomach cramps or get diarrhea? If so, your child may have lactose intolerance. English Español

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More Fiber for your Children? Yes! Here's Why and How.

¿Más fibra para sus hijos? ¡Sí! Aquí le explicamos por qué y cómo. (More Fiber for your Children? Yes! Here's Why and How.)

Fiber is an important nutrient that most children (and parents) are not getting enough of each day. As parents, you do your best to feed your family healthy foods, but you may need help with choosing good sources of fiber. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about fiber. English Español

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Raw Milk: What You Need to Know

Leche cruda: lo que usted debe saber (Raw Milk: What You Need to Know)

Raw milk is milk that comes straight from a cow, sheep, or goat. Raw milk is not pasteurized (heated to kill germs) or homogenized (processed to keep the cream from separating from the milk). English Español

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Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children

Bien desde el comienzo: el ABC de una buena nutrición durante la niñez (Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children)

As a parent, you are interested in your child's health. Your role is to provide healthy food in appropriate portions, and your child's role is to decide how much to eat. That is why it is important to understand how to provide healthy choices for your child. English Español

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Starting Solid Foods

Comienzo de la alimentación sólida

Rice, oatmeal, or barley? What infant cereal or other food will be on the menu for your baby's first solid meal? And have you set a date? English Español

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Tips for Healthy Families: More and Less

Consejos Para Familias Sanas: Los más y los menos (Tips for Healthy Families: More and Less)

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Americans are not getting enough potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D in their diets and consume too much sugar, sodium (salt), and fat. Here are tips to help you and your family make more healthy choices and less unhealthy choices. Start with small changes. Remember that parents are important role models and what children learn early on can carry through adulthood. English Español

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What's to Eat? Healthy Foods for Hungry Children

Qué hay de comer: alimentos saludables para niños hambrientos (What's to Eat: Healthy Foods for Hungry Children)

Young children need a variety of foods to get the energy they need to grow up healthy. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on creative ways to serve up breakfast and lunch, tips for picky eaters, and how to make healthy fast-food choices. Also read some tips about food safety, choking hazards, food allergies, and microwave safety. If you have specific questions about your child's nutrition, talk with your child's doctor or a registered dietitian. English Español

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Anal Itching

Itching of the anus. Occurs on a repeated basis. English

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Abdominal Pain - Stress Related

Pain or discomfort in the stomach (abdomen or belly). The stomach pains occur when your child is worried about something. This is often called the “worried stomach”. English

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Abdominal Pain - Symptom

Pain or discomfort in the stomach (abdomen or belly). Pain found between the bottom of the rib cage and the groin crease. English

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Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Dosage Table

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Dosage Table English

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Acne

Acne is a skin condition caused by blocked oil glands. Main symptoms are pimples and blackheads on the face. English

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Amoxicillin Rash

A harmless rash that occurs when a child is taking an antibiotic. The rash is not from a drug allergy. Occurs in 10% of children who are taking amoxicillin. English

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Anal Fissure

An anal fissure is a shallow tear in the skin around the anus. This is the cause in over 90% of children with blood in the stools. English

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Animal Bite

Bite or claw wound from a pet, farm or wild animal. English

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Antibiotics - When Do They Help?

Antibiotics are strong medicines that can kill bacteria. However, they are often over-used in our society English

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Appetite Slump - Young Child

You are concerned that your child is not eating enough food each day. It may seem like your child is never hungry. English

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Arm Injury

Injuries to the arm (shoulder to hand). Injuries to a bone, muscle, joint or ligament. English

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Arm Pain - Muscle Strain

Arm muscle pain from hard work or sports (muscle overuse). Pain is not caused by an injury. Also called muscle overuse syndrome English

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Arm Pain - Symptom

Pain in the arm (shoulder to fingers). Includes shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger joints. Includes minor muscle strains from hard work or sports (overuse). Pain is not caused by an injury English

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Asthma Attack

Your child is having an asthma attack. Your child has been diagnosed in the past with asthma. English

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Athlete's Foot

Fungus infection of the feet. Causes an itchy rash on the feet and between the toes English

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Baby Bottle Tooth Decay - Prevention

Baby bottle tooth decay (BBTD) is the main type of tooth decay in toddlers. It’s caused by excessive exposure to milk or juice. That happens with crib bottles or tote bottles. English

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Back Pain - Muscle Strain

Back muscle pain from carrying or lifting heavy things English

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Back Pain - Symptom

Pain or discomfort in the upper, mid or lower back. Includes minor muscle strain from back overuse English

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Bed Bug Bite

Bites from bed bugs. English

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Bedwetting

Wetting the bed at night while asleep. The medical name is nocturnal enuresis English

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Bee or Yellow Jacket Sting

Stung by a honeybee, bumblebee, hornet, wasp, or yellow jacket. Over 95 percent of stings are from honey bees or yellow jackets. The main symptoms are pain and redness. English

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Behavior Training - Consequences

Consequences are what happens after a child breaks a rule. All children need universal rules and limits about what is good and bad behavior. They need consequences to help them learn the right choice. If the consequence is unpleasant (negative feedback or a punishment), the child is less likely to repeat the bad behavior. English

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Behavior Training - Rules and Discipline Basics

Children come into this world impulsive and undisciplined. When they start to walk, they begin to get into trouble. They do not develop much self-control until 3 years of age. They need to be taught safe and socially acceptable behavior. English

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Biting

The bad habit of biting people. One of the most unacceptable of aggressive behaviors. English

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Blisters - Friction

Raised pocket of clear fluid, covered by skin. Friction blisters usually occur on the palms, fingers, heels or toes. English

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Boil

Staph skin infection causing a painful red lump in the skin English

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Bottle-Feeding (Formula) Questions

Common questions asked about formula and feeding from a bottle. English

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Breast Buds

A small disc-shaped lump felt under the nipple (areola). Indicates the start of puberty English